Fiziološka ravnoteža između rasta i rodnosti jabuke u ekološkim uvjetima Maribora : doktorska disertacija - Tojnko, Stanislav; Miljković, Ivo; Čmelik, Zlatko; Miljković, Ivo; Krajnčič, Božidar (Zagreb : S. Tojnko, 1996)
Sažetak: Istraživanja su obavljena u pokusnom voćnjaku Sadjarskog centra Maribor - Gačnik sa sortama Elstar i Jonagold (2500 stabala/ha) i Idared i Zlatni delišes (3000 stabala/ha), cijepljenim na podlozi M9, uzgajanim u obliku vitkog vretena. Pokus je trajao tri godine (2.-5. godinu poslije sadnje). Pokus je za svaku sortu postavljen u pet tratmana (fertirigacija s 45 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha, natapanje bez gnojiva i kontrola - bez gnojiva i vode), u dvije varijante (tretmani tijekom vegetacije od 1.svibnja do 1.kolovoza i tretmani od 1.avibnja do 20.lipnja) po split blok metodi s tri ponavljanja. Tijekom istraživanja obavljene su izmjene: prirast promjera debla, dužina i broj jednogodišnjih izboja po stablu, broj gronja po stablu, broj plodova po stablu; 1. klase, prirod 2. klase i izračunate vrijednosti koeficijenta rodnosti po stablu
prosječne mase plodova, priroda po hektaru i učinkovitosti priroda izraženog u kg/cm2 presjeka debla. Istraživanja su pokazala da fertirigacija jabuka pojedinih sorti djeluje različitim intenzitetom na vegetativni rast i generativnu aktivnost. Na primjenjene tretmane donekle slično reagirale su sorte Elstar i Jonagold kod kojih su pozitivni učinci fertirigacije tijekom vegetacije utvrđeni pri dozi od 45 i 60 kg N/ha, a tretmani do početka diferencijacije cvatnij pupova uz dozu od 120 kg N/ha. Sorta Idared nije reagirala na fertirigaciju i natapanje do 20 lipnja, a njabolji učinci fertirigacije tijekom vegetacije ostvareni su uz dozu od 45 kg N/ha.
Sorta Zlatni delišes ponašala se slično sorti Idared pri gertirigaciji tijekom vegetacije, dok su bolji učinci fertirigacije do 20. lipnja postignuti uz dozu od 120 kg N/ha slično kao kod srti Elstar i Jonagold. Najveću učinkovitost radnosti i najveći prirod po hektaru postigla je sorta Idared, a sorta Elstar dala je najslabije rezultate.
Summary: Investigation were conducted in a trial plantation of the orchard of Sadjarski center Maribor-Gačnik (Maribor-Gačnik Fruit-growing Center) with the aim to examine the effects of fertigation on the yield of four different apple tree cultivars: cv. Elstar and cv. Jonagold (2500 trees/ha) and cv. Idared and cv. Golden Delicious (3000 trees/ha). They were grafted on undrstock M9 and their crown form was a slim round spindle. The investigations lasted three years and were started 2-5 years after planting. There were five treatments for each cultivar (fertigation with 45 kg N/ha, 120 kg N/ha, 60 kg N/ha, irrigation without fertilisers, and the control - without irrigation and without fertiliser), and A and Balternatives (A - treatments during vegetation period from 1 May to 1 August, and B - treatments from 1 May-20 June)
split block design was used and threereplications made. During investigations the following measurements were carried out: increase in stem diameter, lenght and number of 1-year shoots/tree, number of inflorscecnces/tree, number of fruit/tree; on the basis of 1st class and 2nd classyield the values of yield performance coefficient for each tree were calculated, together with average yield/ha and yield performance given in kg/cm2 of stem cross-section. It was found out that the intensity of effects of fertigation upon vegetative growth and cropping of individual cultivars varied.
To a certain extent, cv. Elstar and cv. Jonagold responded similary to treatements; it was proved that most positive effects of fertigation were achieved at the dosageof 45 and 60 N/ha during vegetation period, and at 120 kg/ha at treatments up to the start of flower buds differentiation.In cv. Idared there was no response to fertigation and irrigation up to June 20, but during the vegetation period the best results were obtained at 45 kg N/ha. The response of cv. Golden Delicious to fertigation during vegetative growth was similar to the one of cv. Idared, but in this cultivar most positive effects of fertigation were, similary to cv. Elstar and cv.Jonagold, achivied at 120 kg N/ha at fertigation up to June 20. Cv. Idared showedthe best yield performance and the highest yield/ha, whereas cv. Elstar gave the most unfavourable results.
Mentor: Ivo Miljković; Komisija za ocjenu: Zlatko Čmelik, Ivo Miljković, Božidar Kranjčič; Komisija za obranu: Zlatko Čmelik, Ivo Miljković, Božidar Kranjčič; datum obrane: 20.12.1996.
Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb, 1996
Bibliografija: str. 103-116
Summary
Keywords: Jabuka -- Rodnost -- Ekološki aspekti