Virusni gastroenteritisi u svinja trenutne spoznaje i izazovi - Brnić, Dragan, veterinar; Šimić, Ivana, veterinarka; Kovačević, Alen, molekularni biolog; Krešić, Nina (2020)
Virusni gastroenteritisi u svinja predstavljaju kontinuirani izazov za uzgajivače svinja, kako sa stajališta zdravstvenog upravljanja stadom, tako i sa stajališta primjene odgovarajućih biosigurnosnih mjera. U etiologiji se ističu koronavirusi i rotavirusi, a odlikuje ih izlučivanje u visokim koncentracijama, niska infektivna doza, iznimna stabilnost u okolišu i visoka kontagioznost. Uzročnici epizootija s izraženim mortalitetima u sisajuće prasadi (do 100 %) su upravo koronavirusi, poglavito virus epidemijskog proljeva svinja (PEDV) koji je prouzročio znatne gubitke u svinjogojstvu u svijetu, ali i kod nas. Osim PEDV-a, predstavnici koronavirusa koji su značajni patogeni u svinja su i virus transmisivnog gastroenteritisa svinja (TGEV), svinjski deltakoronavirus (PDCoV) te nedavno opisani koronavirus sindroma akutnog proljeva u svinja (SADS-CoV). Iako ubikvitarni, i rotavirusi, a naročito vrsta Rotavirus A (RVA) od ukupno pet vrsta dokazanih u svinja, predstavljaju značajne uzročnike gastroenteritisa u mlađih dobnih kategorija, a poznat je i njihov zoonotski potencijal. Iako koronavirusi koji inficiraju svinje nisu dokazani u čovjeka, smatra se da svinjski deltakoronavirusi možda posjeduju taj potencijal. Primjer SADS-CoV i njegovog prijenosa sa šišmiša na svinje ističe važnost pretraživanja divljih životinja koje su dokazano izvorište bolesti važnih za veterinarsko i humano javno zdravstvo. Patogeneza, klinička slika, obdukcijski i patohistološki nalaz su slični kod svih virusnih gastroenteritisa u svinja te u slučaju pojave vodenastog proljeva žućkasto-bijele boje i povraćanja visokog morbiditeta i mortaliteta naročito u sisajuće prasadi, moramo posumnjati na virusne uzročnike. Upravo je stoga pravovremena dijagnostika ključna kako bi se čim ranije mogle primijeniti odgovarajuće mjere i spriječiti širenje bolesti, a time i smanjiti štete.
Viral gastroenteritis in pigs is a continuous challenge for pig breeders, from the aspects of health management and the implementation of adequate biosecurity measures. The most important pathogens in its aetiology are coronaviruses and rotaviruses, having features such as excretion in high concentrations, low infective dose, extreme environmental stability and high contagiousness. Coronaviruses are the causative agents of important epizootics with high mortalities in nursing piglets (up to 100%), in particular the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), which recently caused substantial losses for pig breeders in Croatia and worldwide. Apart from PEDV, notable coronaviruses in pigs are transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) and the recently described swine acute diarrhoea syndrome-coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Rotaviruses are also significant pathogens causing diarrhoea in young pigs, even though they are ubiquitous, with Rotavirus A (RVA) being the most important species among five rotavirus species known to circulate in pigs. Rotaviruses are known to possess a zoonotic potential which is also speculated for porcine deltacoronavirus, nevertheless coronaviruses of pigs have not yet been detected in humans. The example of SADS-CoV transmission from bats to pigs emphasizes the need for surveillance of wild animals known as a source of diseases that present a veterinary and public health threat. The pathogenesis, clinical appearance, autopsy and pathohistological findings are similar for all viral gastroenteritis in pigs. In case of an outbreak of watery and yellowish diarrhoea of high morbidity and mortality, especially in nursing piglets, the suspicion of viral aetiology is warranted. Therefore, early diagnosis is key for the implementation of adequate measures to prevent the disease from spreading and causing substantial losses.
Bibliografija: 59 jed.
Sažetak ; Summary.
Keywords: Svinje -- Gastroenteritis -- Rotavirus -- Koronavirusi -- Biosigurnosne mjere