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20130116125938.0 |
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970407s1996 ci a m 000 0 hrv |
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|9 (HR-ZaNSK)186583
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|9 (HR-ZaNSK)970407018
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|a (HR-ZaNSK)000186376
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|a 633.16:631.52
|2 MRF 1998.
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|a Lalić, Alojzije
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|a Uspješnost izbora i nasljednost kvantitativnih svojstava ječma u zavisnosti od gustoće sjetve i kriterija izbora :
|b (doktorska disertacija) /
|c Alojzije Lalić.
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|a Zagreb :
|b A. Lalić,
|c 1996
|e ([s. l. :
|f s. n.])
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| 300 |
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|a 114 str. :
|b table, graf. prikazi ;
|c 25 cm.
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| 500 |
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|a Doktor biotehničkih znanosti - agronomija
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| 500 |
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|a mentor: Zdravko Martinić-Jerčić; Komisija za ocjenu: Vinko Kozumplik, Zdravko Martinić-Jerčić, Josip Kovačević; Komisija za obranu: Vinko Kozumplik, Zdravko Martinić-Jerčić, Josip Kovačević; datum obrane: 17.09.1996.; datum promocije:
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| 502 |
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|a Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Agronomski fakultet, Zagreb, 1996
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|a Bibliografija: str. 107-114
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|a Summary
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|a Sažetak: Istraživanjima su analizirana u gustoj i rijetkoj sjetvi potomstva ječma F1,F2,F3,F4 generacije križanja Timura x Osk.208/2-84, koja su uzgojena pedigre metodom i metodom sjemenka po biljci. U F4 generaciji istraženo je 148 linija uzgojenih metodom sjemenka po biljci, 26 linija odabranih pedigre metodom, te 131 linija odabrana različitim kriterijima izbora (17 kriterija izbora) iz populacije F3 generacije uzgojene metodom sjemenka po biljci. U F3 generaciji istraženo je 268 potomstava biljaka (linija) iz F2 generacije i 26 potomstava odabranih biljaka pedigre metode u F2 generaciji. Osnovna parcela u gustoj sjetvi zasijana je s 36 zrna na razmak 5x5 cm, a što odgovara sjetvi od 400 zrna/m2. U rijetkoj sjetvi osnovna parcela je zasijana s 48 zrna na razmak 10x10 cm, a što odgovara sjetvi od 100 zrna/m2.
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|a Na temelju analiza duljine vlati, prosječne mase jednog zrna, broja zrna po klasu, broja plodnih vlati, žetvenog indeksa i urod zrna procijenjen je utjecaj gustoće sjetve na nasljednost, varijabilnost i dobit od selekcije. Ustanovljena je djelotvornost i pouzdanost pojedinih oplemenjivačkih kriterija, te su uspoređene pedigre metoda oplemenjivanja i metoda sjemenka po biljci. Primjenjeni su oplemenjivački kriteriji izbora na kraću vlat, veći žetveni indeks, veću masu zrna po biljci, bolji izgled zrna, na temelju fenotiopskog izgleda biljke u polju, veći broj zrna po klasu, veći broj plodnih vlati, na osnovi pedigre metoda, te 9 kriterija izbora primjenom indeksa Q.
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|a Duljina vlati, broj plodnih vlati i masa zrna po biljci su većeg heritabiliteta u rijetkoj sjetvi, dok su masa zrna primarnog klasa, masa jednog zrna, broj zrna po klasu i žetveni indeks svojstva većeg heritabiliteta u gustoj sjetvi. Pedigre metodom, u odnosu na metodu sjemenka po biljci povećali smo prosječnu vrijednost populacija za sva istraživana svojstva, ali uz smanjenje varijabilnosti svojstava. Tom metodom ostvaren je veći uspjeh u oplemenjivanju na urod zrna u gustoj sjetvi, vjerovatno širinom izbora, te odabirom fenotipa biljaka uspravnijeg lista i ujednačenijih vlati. Metodom sjemenka po biljci izbjegli bi smo jednosmjeran odabir određene odlike genotipa. Tom metodom očuvani su u populaciji genotipovi superiorniji kod uvjeta uzgoja u rijetkoj sjetvi.
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|a Metodom sjemenka po biljci u populaciji smo zadržali genotipove superiornije za svojstva manje nasljednosti, poput mase zrna po biljci i broja plodnih vlati. Ta svojstva su gradivni elementi visokog uroda zrna u rjeđoj sjetvi. U gustoj sjetvi linije najvećeg uroda zrna karakterizira osrednje povećanje, u odnosu na moguće, broja plodnih vlati, mase zrna po biljci i najveće povečanje mase jednog zrna. Metoda sjemenka po biljci značajna je i za očuvanje svojstava velike nasljednosti, poput mase jednog zrna i broja zrna po klasu, a koja su opozitnog odgovora na selekciju s obzirom na izbor na kraću vlat.
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|a Odabirom biljaka na bolji izgled zrna, veći broj zrna po klasu, veći broj plodnih vlati, veću masu zrna po biljci i veći žetveni indeks procijenili smo relativno veću neizravnu djelotvornost i pouzdanost izbora za duljinu vlati, masu zrna po klasu, masu jednog zrna, broj zrna po klasu u obje gustoće sjetve, te uroda zrna u rijetkoj sjetvi. Tim kriterijima izbora procijenjena je manja djelotvornost i pouzdanost izbora za broj plodnih vlati i masu zrna po biljci. Izborom na veći broj plodnih vlati, veću masu zrna po biljci i veći žetveni indeks ostvarili smo osrednju djelotvornost izbora za urod zrna u gustoj sjetvi. Provedena istraživanja ukazuju na opravdanost primjene indeksa (Q) u oplemenjivanju pri ocjenjivanju vrijednosti biljke za urod zrna, s obzirom na veći broj uključenih svojstava.
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| 520 |
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|a Tim načinom izbora, intenzitet selekcije možemo usmjeravati na pojedino ili pojedina svojstva, a utvrđeni odnos važnosti svojstva kod selekcije čuvao bi populaciju od značajnijih nepoželjnih gubitaka gena za urod zrna. Riječi natuknice: ozimi dvoredni ječam, gusta sjetva, rijetka sjetva, metoda sjemenka po biljci, pedigre metoda, heritabilitet, varijabilnost, dobit od selekcije, međuovisnosti svojstava, kriteriji izbora, indeks (Q), urod zrna, komponente uroda zrna.
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|a Summary: This paper investigated barley progenies of the F1, F2, F3 and F4 generations of the Timur x Osk.208/2-84 cross, which were grown in thick and thin planting following the pedigree method and single seed descent method. In the F4 generation, we investigated 148 lines grown according to the single seed descent method, 26 lines which were selected by the pedigree method and 131 lines selected by means of various selection criteria (17 selection criteria) in the F3 generation. These lines were grown following the single seed descent method. In the F3 generation, we investigated 268 progenies of plants (lines) of the F2 generation, as well as 28 progenies of plants selected by the pedigree method in the F2 generation.
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|a On the main plot for thick planting, 36 kernels were planted at 5x5 cm apart, which corresponds to plant density of 400 kernels/m2. On the main plot for thin planting, 48 kernels were planted at 10x10 cm apart, which corresponds to planting of 100 kernels/m2. On the basis of analyses of the length of stem, the average weight of one kernel, the number of kernels per spike, the number of fertile tillers, the harvest index and the yield of kernels, we estimated the effects of planting density on heritability, variability and selection gain. We established efficiency and reliability of certain breeding criteria and compared the pedigree method with single seed descent method.
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| 520 |
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|a We applied breeding criteria of selection for a shorter stem, a higher harvest index, a larger kernel weight per plant, a better appearance of kernels, we selected on the basis of the appearance of a plant in the field, furthermore, selection was performed for a larger number of kernels per spike, a large number of fertile tillers. Furthermore, we selected plants based on the pedigree method and 9 criteria of selection by applying the Q index. The investigation of two-rowed winter barley indicated thet heritability and variability of traits are considerably affected by plant density.
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| 520 |
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|a The length of stem, the number of fertile tillers and kernel weight per plant showed a higher heritability in thin planting, while the kernel weight per primary spike, the weight of a single kernel, the number of kernels per spike and the harvest index showed higher heritability in thick planting. The traits such as kernel weight per spike, the weight of a single kernel, the number of kernels per spike and the harvest index are noticable values of a gonotype grown in thick planting, while the kernel weight per plant, the number of fertile tillers and the height of stems are noticable values of a genotype grown in thin planting. By the pedigree method, in comparison to single seed descent method, we increased the mean values of populations in all traits under observation, but variability of traits was reduced.
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| 520 |
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|a By this method we achieved greater success in breeding for yield of kernels in thick planting, probably based on the wide range of selection and probably because of selection of plants with a more erect leaf and more uniform tillers. By the single seed descent method we would avoid onedirectional selection of a certain characteristic of a genotype. By this method, we preserved genotypes within a population which were superior in thin planting. By the single seed descent method, we retained genotypes in a population which were superior in traits of a lower heritability, such as the kernel weight per plant and the number of fertile tillers. These traits are constituent elements of a high yield of kernels in thin planting.
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| 520 |
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|a In thick planting, the lines that attained the highest yield of kernels are characterized by moderate increase of the number of fertile tillers, the kernel weight per plant, as compared to the possible one, as well as the largest increase of weight of one kernel. The single seed descent method is important for preservation of increase of weight of one kernel. The single seed descent method is important for preservation of traits of a large heritability, such as the weight of one kernel and the number of kernels per spike, which have shown opposite response to selection with regard to the selection for a shorter tem.
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| 520 |
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|a By selecting plants for a better appearance of kernels, the larger number of kernels per spike, a larger number of fertile tiller, a larger kernel weight per plant and a higher harvest index we established in a relative sense a higher indirect efficiency and reliability of selection for the length of stem, the kernel weight per spike, the weight of a single kernel, the number of kernels per spike in both plant densities, and the yield of kernels in thin planting. By these criteria we found a lower efficiency and reliability of selection for the number of fertile tillers and the kernel weight per plant. By selection for a larger number of fertile tillers, a higher kernel weight per plant and a higher harvest index we obtained moderate efficiency in selection for the yield of kernels in thick planting.
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|a The investigations we performed indicated that the use of index (Q) in breeding when evaluating plants for the yield of kernels is justified, since a large number of traits under observation was included. By such a mode of selection, we can direct the intensity of selection to a certain trait or to certain traits, and the degree of significance among the traits in selection would prevent the population from significant and undesired gene losses regarding the yield of kernels.
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|a Key words: two-rowed winter barley, thick planting, thin planting, single seed descent method, pedigree method, crossing and generations, progenies, heritability, variability, genetic gain from selection, indirect genetic gain from selection, genotype and phenotype correlation coefficient, genotype and phenotype link coefficient, selection criteria, index (Q), yield of kernels, grain yield components.
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| 650 |
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7 |
|a Ječam
|x Genetika
|2 nskps
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Martinić-Jerčić, Zdravko
|4 cns
|4 oth
|
| 700 |
1 |
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|a Kozumplik, Vinko
|4 oth
|
| 700 |
1 |
|
|a Kovačević, Josip,
|c agronom,
|d 1950-
|4 oth
|
| 981 |
|
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|p CRO
|r HRB1996
|
| 998 |
|
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|n DCD
|c dkro9802
|c rjki9803
|c rjkp9803
|c dkri9808
|c mzop130116
|
| 852 |
4 |
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|j DCD-ZG-31/97
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| 876 |
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|e DCD
|a 31/1997
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| 886 |
0 |
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|2 unimarc
|b 11612iam0 2200481 450
|