Gut microbiota and its role in human health
Humans live in a close association with a complex microbial ecosystem that is collectively termed microbiota. Microbiota is concentrated in the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, where it ferments undigested food residues and produces various metabolites that have a systemic influence on human...
| Permalink: | http://skupni.nsk.hr/Record/nsk.NSK01001024836/Details |
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| Matična publikacija: |
Psihologijske teme (Online) 27 (2018), 1 ; str. 17-32 |
| Glavni autor: | Rajilić-Stojanović, Mirjana (Author) |
| Vrsta građe: | e-članak |
| Jezik: | eng |
| Predmet: | |
| Online pristup: |
https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.27.1.2 Elektronička verzija članka Elektronička verzija članka |
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| 040 | |a HR-ZaNSK |b hrv |c HR-ZaNSK |e ppiak | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Rajilić-Stojanović, Mirjana |4 aut |9 HR-ZaNSK | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Gut microbiota and its role in human health |h [Elektronička građa] / |c Mirjana Rajilić-Stojanović. |
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| 504 | |a Bibliografija: str. 26-31. | ||
| 504 | |a Resumen | ||
| 520 | |a Humans live in a close association with a complex microbial ecosystem that is collectively termed microbiota. Microbiota is concentrated in the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, where it ferments undigested food residues and produces various metabolites that have a systemic influence on human physiology. The composition of microbiota is influenced by genetic and environmental factors that shape a unique ecosystem in each human. Despite considerable compositional variations, the functional output of the ecosystem is highly similar in all healthy individuals. Although it is still not possible to define normal microbiota, comparisons between patients suffering from a number of chronic diseases with unknown etiology and controls have shown that patients have specific, dysbiotic microbiota composition. While it still remains to be determined if the microbiota dysbiosis is an etiological factor or a consequence of a disease, these findings have initiated intensive microbiota research. Numerous proven functions of microbiota include contribution to the digestion,synthesis of essential metabolites (vitamins and amino acids) and the intensive crosstalk with the immune, the endocrine and the nervous system. Even though this field of research is still in an early stage, it is clear that microbial metabolites can have various effects on humans including directbeneficial effect, toxicity, but also more subtle interactions since microbial products can act as immune regulating or neuro-signaling molecules. The complex network of bidirectional interactionsbetween microbiota and humans is unexplored but highly potent for development of novel strategies to preserve and improve health. | ||
| 520 | |a Los humanos viven en la relación cercana con el ecosistema microbiano complejo que se denomina microbioma. La microbioma está concentrada en la última parte del tracto gastrointestinal, donde fermenta los residuos de la comida no digerida y produce varios metabolitos que tienen influencia sistemática en la fisiología humana. La composición de la microbioma está influenciada por los factores genéticos y ambientales que forman un ecosistema único en cada humano. A pesar de las variaciones composicionales considerables, el output funcional del ecosistema es muy similar en todos los individuales sanos. Aunque todavía no es posible definir la microbioma normal, las comparaciones entre los pacientes que sufren algunas enfermedades crónicas con etiología desconocida y los controles han demostrado que los pacientes tienen una composición específica, disbiótica de microbioma. Mientras todavía queda por determinar si la disbiosis de la microbioma es un factor etiológico o consecuencia de la enfermedad, estos hallazgos han estimulado investigaciones intensivas de la microbioma. Numerosas funciones atestadas de microbioma incluyen la contribución a la digestión, síntesis de metabolitos esenciales (vitaminas y aminoácidos) y diafonía intensiva con los sistemas inmune, endocrino y nervioso. Aunque este campo de investigación todavía está en una fase temprana, está claro que los metabolitos microbianos tienen varios efectos en los humanos, incluyendo efecto beneficial directo, toxicidad, pero también interacciones más finas, dado que los productos microbianos pueden funcionar como moléculas de regulación inmune y de neuro-señalización. La red compleja de interacciones bidireccionales entre la microbioma y los humanos está por explorar con potencial muy alto para desarrollar estrategias novedosas para preservar y mejorar la salud. | ||
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